Demonstrações financeiras da Petrobras S/A publicadas em 2014: análise comparativa das distorções apresentadas após relatório de auditoria à luz dos princípios de governança corporativa e da earning management

Abstract

The audit is part of a corporate governance system functioning as a link between shareholders and managers to minimize agency conflicts that are common in organizations where control is disassociated from ownership and is essential to protect users from accounting information. The objective of the research was to compare the financial statements for the third quarter of 2014 of Petrobras S / A published with and without the audit report, in order to identify the accounting items that were modified after the audit report. An exploratory and descriptive survey of a qualitative nature was carried out. Its main sources were the Financial Statements or Accounting Reports of Petrobras S/A obtained on the Company's official website. Articles, laws, decrees, books and news were consulted due to the notoriety of the case in Brazil and abroad. These facts were analyzed in light of the principles of corporate governance and earnings management due to falling stock prices, distortions in accounting lines and the possible framing as Creative Accounting. The results indicate that changes were made in the accounting entries of the Third Quarter of 2014 of Petrobras S/A Financial Statements (DRE) published with the audit report in comparison with that previously published without the audit report. In this way, it was possible to classify the Earnings Management practiced in the Financial Statements of the third quarter of 2014 of Petrobras S/A, as Creative Accounting, as well as to affirm that the principles of corporate governance were harmed. Keyword: Audit. Corporate governance. Earnings Management. Creative Accounting. Results